Background: Sustainable economic development in Islamic economics requires an approach that goes beyond economic growth, financial accumulation, and formal Shariah compliance. Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah provides a normative foundation for integrating maṣlaḥah, justice, social welfare, responsible wealth management, ethical governance, and environmental sustainability.
Methods: This study employs a qualitative normative-conceptual research design based on doctrinal and literature analysis. Classical Islamic legal thought is examined alongside contemporary scholarship on Islamic economics, Islamic finance, Islamic social finance, Shariah governance, ESG, financial innovation, ethical behaviour, and environmental sustainability.
Results: The findings demonstrate that maṣlaḥah, justice, social welfare, and ḥifẓ al-māl constitute the normative foundations of sustainable economic development. These principles can be operationalized through Islamic social finance, Shariah governance, accountability, ESG mechanisms, risk management, and sustainable financial innovation. However, formal Shariah compliance does not necessarily guarantee substantive sustainability outcomes.
Discussion: Sustainable Islamic economic development requires the integration of normative principles with institutional mechanisms and measurable performance. Governance, disclosure, ESG accountability, social finance, financial innovation, and risk management function as mechanisms for translating maqāṣid into institutional practice. Sustainability should therefore be assessed through economic inclusion, social resilience, responsible wealth creation, financial stability, environmental responsibility, and institutional accountability.
Conclusion: Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah can function as an overarching evaluative framework for sustainable Sharia economic development by connecting Islamic normative objectives with substantive economic, social, financial, and environmental outcomes.
Novelty: This study develops an integrated analytical sequence—normative principle → institutional mechanism → measurable outcome—that connects classical Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah with contemporary sustainability requirements and distinguishes substantive maqāṣid-oriented development from formal Shariah compliance.
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