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Background: The determination of Islamic lunar months through rukyatul hilal constitutes a critical intersection between Islamic jurisprudence and astronomy because it establishes the legal timing of marriage, divorce, iddah, inheritance, and other matters of Islamic family law. Despite extensive studies on rukyat and hisab, limited empirical socio-legal research has examined their implications for legal certainty at the local level.

Methods: This study employed a qualitative socio-legal case study integrating normative analysis of Islamic legal sources with empirical data collected through semi-structured interviews involving Religious Court judges, Ministry of Religious Affairs officials, religious leaders, and community representatives in Banjar City, West Java, Indonesia. Documentary analysis, triangulation, and thematic analysis were applied within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah.

Results: The findings reveal that legal certainty is strengthened through the integration of rukyat, hisab, MABIMS Neo-Visibility criteria, and the national Sidang Isbat. Although Religious Courts consistently implement the official Hijri calendar, some communities continue following organizational determinations, creating limited differences in the timing of family law practices without substantially disrupting legal administration.

Discussion: The implementation of Islamic family law depends on institutional coordination among religious authorities, state institutions, astronomers, and local communities rather than on a single method of lunar month determination.

Conclusion: Integrating religious, scientific, and institutional approaches enhances legal certainty while accommodating legitimate jurisprudential diversity in implementing Islamic family law.

Novelty: This study proposes the Integrated Rukyatul Hilal Governance Framework (IRHGF), an empirical socio-legal model explaining how astronomical observation, religious authority, institutional coordination, and public administration collectively strengthen legal certainty in Islamic family law.

Background: Legal uncertainty in Indonesia’s mining sector has created challenges not only for business operations but also for the management, inheritance, and distribution of mining-related assets within families. This study examines how regulatory ambiguity affects asset division and inheritance under Islamic law.

Methods: This study employs a qualitative legal research approach through document analysis and case study review. Relevant legal sources include mining regulations, Government Regulation No. 25 of 2024, Presidential Regulation No. 77 of 2024, and Islamic inheritance law (fara'id). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify legal inconsistencies and their implications.

Results: The findings reveal that unclear and inconsistent mining regulations contribute to disputes concerning ownership, control, and transfer of mining-related assets. These uncertainties complicate the implementation of Islamic inheritance principles and often trigger conflicts among heirs and family members.

Discussion: The separation between mining regulations and Islamic inheritance law creates legal ambiguity in family wealth management. The absence of an integrated regulatory framework limits legal certainty and hinders equitable asset distribution in inheritance and post-divorce settlements involving mining businesses.

Conclusion: Strengthening legal harmonization between mining law and Islamic inheritance law is essential to reduce disputes, improve legal certainty, and support fair asset distribution while maintaining business sustainability in the mining sector.

Novelty: This study offers an integrated analysis of mining law and Islamic inheritance law by demonstrating how legal uncertainty in the mining sector affects inheritance governance and family asset distribution in Indonesia.

Background: The rapid growth of digital technology has transformed Islamic legal services and religious authority, raising important questions about the implementation of religious moderation in Islamic family law and siyāsah fiqh. However, empirical studies on how these changes are locally practiced in Indonesian municipal contexts, especially in Banjar City, are still limited.

Methods: This study uses a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Islamic scholars, government officials, and community actors, as well as document analysis of digital legal platforms such as online marriage registration systems and e-governance services. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results: Digitalization has improved administrative efficiency and access to Islamic family law services, especially in marriage and divorce registration. However, limited standardization, weak regulatory oversight, and differences in legal interpretation have created legal uncertainty and reduced public trust. Digital spaces also both support and challenge moderate religious discourse.

Discussion: These findings show that digital transformation affects not only administrative systems but also religious authority and legal interpretation. This situation highlights the need to balance technological development with Islamic ethical principles based on maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and religious moderation.

Conclusion: Religious moderation plays an important role in managing the relationship between digital technology and Islamic legal governance in Banjar City. Stronger institutional coordination and clear regulations are needed to ensure legal certainty, accountability, and public trust.

Novelty: This study provides empirical insights into how digital governance interacts with Islamic legal moderation at the local level, contributing to socio-legal studies of digital Islam in urban Indonesia.