Background: The rapid expansion of digital identity systems has increased children's participation in digital environments while exposing them to privacy violations, identity theft, cyber exploitation, and long-term data misuse. Existing studies primarily address these issues from technological or regulatory perspectives, with limited integration of Islamic family law into children's digital identity governance.
Objective: This study examines children's digital identity governance in Indonesia, Estonia, and the United Arab Emirates and develops a governance framework grounded in maqāṣid al-sharīʿah.
Methods: A qualitative doctrinal and comparative legal approach was employed by analyzing legislation, child protection and personal data protection laws, digital governance policies, institutional documents, and recent scholarly literature. The analysis combines comparative legal methods with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah principles.
Results: Indonesia emphasizes family-centered legal protection and parental responsibility, Estonia demonstrates institutionally integrated digital identity governance supported by secure digital infrastructure, and the United Arab Emirates combines technological innovation with Islamic legal values. These findings are synthesized into the Maqāṣid-Based Children's Digital Identity Governance (MCDIG) Framework, comprising parental digital responsibility, legal protection, secure digital infrastructure, family digital literacy, and collaborative institutional governance.
Conclusion: Effective children's digital identity governance requires an integrated legal, technological, ethical, and institutional approach that balances digital innovation with child protection and family responsibility while strengthening contemporary Islamic family law.
Novelty: This study proposes the MCDIG Framework, integrating maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, comparative legal analysis, children's digital rights, and digital governance into a unified child-centered framework for protecting children's digital identities.
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