Strengthening Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Efforts for Sustainable Legal Development in Indonesia

Abstract

Corruption remains a persistent challenge that undermines governance effectiveness, legal certainty, and sustainable development in Indonesia. Although Indonesia’s National Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN) 2025–2045 identifies anti-corruption reform as a strategic priority, limited scholarly attention has examined how this framework contributes to strengthening the rule of law and sustainable legal development. This study aims to analyze the anti-corruption framework embedded within the RPJPN 2025–2045 and evaluate its potential contribution to governance reform in Indonesia. Using a qualitative doctrinal approach, the research relies on document analysis of the RPJPN, relevant legislation, government policy documents, and contemporary literature on anti-corruption and governance. Data were analyzed through thematic content analysis focusing on preventive, institutional, participatory, and enforcement-oriented strategies. The findings reveal that the RPJPN adopts a comprehensive anti-corruption framework integrating anti-corruption education, digital governance, public participation, institutional oversight, prosecution reform, and asset recovery mechanisms. The framework reflects a shift from a predominantly punitive model toward a more preventive and governance-oriented approach to corruption control. However, the study also identifies several implementation challenges, including political interference, uneven institutional capacity, disparities in digital infrastructure, and limited public engagement. The novelty of this study lies in its examination of the RPJPN 2025–2045 as an integrated long-term legal governance instrument for anti-corruption reform, an aspect rarely discussed in existing literature. This article contributes to the discourse on rule of law and governance by demonstrating how anti-corruption policy, institutional reform, and sustainable development objectives can be integrated within a national development planning framework.